Locked down weather surfacing elements



June 3, 1947. H. w. GREIDER ErAL LOCKEDDOWN WEATHER SURFACING 'ELEMENTS Filed oct. 25. 1944 2 shams-sheet 1 wf: S Sa i8 .v 3% Mak June 3. 1.947- H. w. GRlalDlV-:RI Erm. 2,421,417

LOCKED DWN WEATHER SURFACING ELEMENTS Filed om.. 25, 1944 v 2 Smau-snee*u 2 Patented June 3, 1947 2,421,417 Locxsn DOWN WEATHER sUaFAcm ELEMENT Harold W. Greider, Wyoming, George A. Fasold, Mount Healthy, Ohio, and William C. Bowman, Llanerch, Pa., assignors to The Philip Carey Manufacturing Company, a corporation of Ohio Application October 25, 1944, Serial No. 560,252

(ci. a-'n 7 Claims. l

This invention relates to a novel and improved weather surfacing covering and particularly to weather surfacing elements in the form of individual shingles or strips for siding and rooflng which are adapte to be laid in overlapping courses to provide a covering Vsymmetrical in design and having the weather exposed portionor portions of the shingles or sidings in overlying courses locked down by means secured in the upper or side margins of the shingles or sidings in underlying courses for readily engaging the weather exposed portion of overlying shingles or sidings for securing and locking same in place to prevent lifting or rattling in the wind.

The locking or fastening device is adapted for shingles and sidings of diiierent constructions and design, but is particularly adapted for shingies which have tab or corner portions that are not nailed directly to the deck but that are desired to be locked. It is also particularly adapted in sidings to permit ready assembly of the elements in overlapping courses and to permit same to be secured with a minimum number of nails. It enables rigid cement-asbestos sidings to be applied to a wall and the lower edges securely held without the use of the usual face nailsf? The present invention aims to provide a weather surfacing covering which may be expeditiously laid, accurately aligned, and secured by unskilled workmen.

Fora 'better understanding of the invention, reference may be made to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a section of a,

roof covering composing courses 'composed of roofing elements embodying the invention;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of an individual roofingv element;

Fig. 3 is a perspective detailed view of a completed section of a roof covering;

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view on line 4-4 of Fig. 3:

Fig. 5 is a plan view of a modification form of the invention; l

Fig. 6 is a perspective detailed view of a completed section of roof covering comprising the modified form of the invention;

Fig. 7 is a cross sectional view on lines 1-1 of Fig. 6;

Figs. 8, 9, 10 and 11 show the modified form of the invention employed with shingles laid by the Scotch method;

Fig. 12 is an elevational view of a section of a wall having siding embodying the invention; and` Fig. 13 is a detailed view showing the manner of lapping the siding elements.

, Referring particularlyl tothe drawings, in

which like numerals are used to designate likev parts, numeral Ildesignates a roof or siding covering composed of weather surfacing elements 2 which are adapted to be laid in overlapping courses to provide a covering of symmetrical hexagonal decorative design. Each of the weather surfacing elements is provided with a body portion terminating in opposite-tab portions 3 and 4,

said tab portions vbeing preferably of like design. Intermediately of the tab portions, there are provided on opposite sides ears 5 and 6. One marginal side edge 5 of ear 5 is aligned with a side edge 1 of the tab 3, and the other side of the ear is formed with an edge 8 which is preferably parallel with the tab end 9 of tab 4. Ear 6 is of the same construction in relation to the opposite tab 3, having one side edge 6 aligned or in a common line with the side edge 1' and the other side 8 preferably parallel with tab end 9. f

Accordingly the surfacingv elements are reversible and may be laid with either tab 3 or 4 exposed to the weather. One of the tabs is provided with means, hereinafter described, for being engaged by means associated with one of the underlying shingles. be selectively laid to utilize the lock down feature or not, as desired.

Those side edges of the ears aligning with the tab sides may advantageously be provided with any suitable complementary means to permit abutting elements to interengage. A suitable means is typiied'by a projection l0 formed on v ear 5 complemental to a recess Il formed on the .other ear l, said projection and recess being adapted to intert when the surfacing elements are laid in courses in abutting relation, thus forming a tightly fitting butted joint between adja-l cent elements as applied to the foundation or deck.

To provide a starting course, a desired number of elements to make up the starting course may be cut along the dotted line I2, asv shown in Fig. 2, and have the upper pieces applied as the starting course I3 as shown in Fig. 1. The lowerpiece may be inserted to ill the spaces between adjacent elements of the starter course or may be otherwise disposed of. Alternatively a contin- `uous starter strip of uniform width of similar Hence, the shingle may y 4 course.

quent courses are applied with the weather tab Iends 8' ilush with the tops of the weather exposed spaces between adjacent elements, which tops of the spaces are formed by the lower edge 8 of ears 6 on the elements of the underlying course.

Weather surfacing elements lof this construction provide a rooiing covering which presents an attractive hexagonal pattern and are of such dimensions as to provide sumcient side and head laps in theoverlapping courses. The elements are adapted to be readily aligned in horizontal courses without any other marking than provided by the outlines of the elements themselves. Also secure anchorage is obtanied without retroverting any part of the elements or having any locking or fastening means secured thereto prior to the application of the locking buttons, hereafter described, which' are associated with the elements when they are laid on the surface to be covered. y

While the invention is not limited to shingles of any specic proportions or design, it has been found suitable in hexagonal tab designs to have them constructed so that there will be preferably a 21/2"` side lap and a 31/" vertical or head lap. To eiect this the elements are made of such dimensioned proportions that the tab ends are approximately 31/2" wide and the horizontal edges of the ears are of the same dimension as the tab ends in order to coincide with the tab ends of overlying elements in the overlying It will be seen from the disclosure that a rooiing is provided which gives a maximum amount of coverage with a minimum amount or area of rooiing material and yet provides suiiicient head and side lap in the various courses for adequate resistance to driving rain. It will be seen that thse shingles when applied as a roof covering provide a triple layer of roofing materia] in the side lap area, which is the most vulnerable area for entrance of driving rain. This type of roong is particularly adapted for re- Thus each shingle is secured to the deck by at least four nails, although only two nails per element are used. Additional nailing means I6 may be, if desired, projected through the elements along the upper edge of the non-exposed tabs at 4. While the tab ends have been shown to be substantially of lesser dimension than the tab sides, it will be understood that the tabends may be of greater or equal width if desired. The advantage of having tab ends of considerably less dimension than the tab sides is that they each may be locked down more effectively with a single locking means rather than requiring two or more. 'I'he above dimension of 31/2" for the tab end is believed to be preferable, inasmuch as it is of a critical dimension to be adequately secured with the locking means and it also presents an attractive hexagonal pattern in the roof covering.

The tab portions of the shingles are provided with a slot or aperture I8 having a narrowed portion I8 in order to receive the head I9 of a button which is associated with ear 6 of an underlying shingle. Ear 6 is perforated at 20, the aperture being preferably of the same size or diameter as the head of the button, if the head be round.v 'I'he base portion 2I of the button is preferably of the same diameter as the head I9 and will engage the margins of the aperture or slot. The shank or web portion 2'2 between the base and head of the button is narrower than the h'ead and base. The portion I8 of the aperture in the weather exposed tab is of less width than the head of the button and slightly exceeding the width or diameter of the shank or web of the button. Accordingly, the shingles are assembled by inserting the head of the button th'rough the aperture in the corner of the underlying shingle which has been fitted in place and then projecting -the head of the button rst through aperture I8 of an overlying shingle as it is being applied and then pushing same upwardly so that the head will overlie the narrow portion I8'. Thus, th'e tab is held down by the head of the button, and the'excess size of the aperture permits sufficient relative movement due to contraction and expansion to prevent buckling.

In the embodiment in Fig. 5 one or more slits 22 may be disposed adjacent the aperture I8, and the aperture may be preferably slightly less in diameter than the diameter of the head of the button. The slits permit the material of the shingle adjacent the aperture to yield for permitting the head of the button to be pushed through the aperture. The aperture exceeds the width or diameter of the shank or web of the buttonto permit slight relative movement, as above described, to prevent buckling upon contraction and expansion of the roof or roof covering. A slit may be on each side of the aperture. Where more than one is desired, it is preferable to arrange them in pairs diametrically opposed.

In the embodiment in Figs. 8 to 11 the shingles 23a are of rectangular form andA have an aperture 20a in one corner through which the head of a button I 9a is projected in an underlying shingle to engage an aperture IBa in the weather exposed corner of an overlying similarly constructed shingle. Slits 22a are cut adjacent the aperture. There is no diierence in the construction of th'e apertures and slits, but merely in their association with a, rectangular shingle in which a weather exposed corner is desired to be locked down. The aperture Ia and slits 22a could be substituted with-a slot like I8 and I8' in Fig. 3.

In the embodiment in Figs. l2 and 13 the top margins of the sidingelements 26 are recessed or slotted at spaced intervals with recesses 25, these recesses being of a diameter substantially equal to the head or base of the button I9. If slotted, the width of the slot may advantageously be less than the diameter of the head or base of the button and is formed at the top margin of the elements in the manner in 'which slots 21 are formed at the bottom margins as hereinafter described. The button is inserted in the recess or slot and secured in the place between the sheathing and the siding element with the head protruding when the upper edges of the siding element are nailed in place at. 26. The bottom edges of the siding elements at spaced intervals are provided with vertical slots 2'I of substantial extent and slightly wider than the web or shank of the buttons between the base and head in order to permit slight adjustment for fitting the siding elements together and permitting slight adjustment for contraction and expansion of the elements when they are laid in a siding structure. The slots 2i' are arranged to register with recesses 25.' The buttons are inserted along the top margin of the siding elements just before said siding elements are nailed in place, and are held in place after nailing. An overlying siding element is assembled with the slots on the bottom edge engaging the button, and they are nailed at the top as described.

The buttons are preferably molded from glass, plastic compositions, or other suitable non-corrodible materials. Buttons made from non-corrodible metals such as zinc alloys, bronze or stainless steel are satisfactory but somewhat expensive. Glass buttons have the advantages of strength, rigidity, permanence, non-staining, smooth nish, non-corrodibiiity and they can be .made in any desired color and shape.. Next to glass in suitability are vitreous ceramic compositions having a glassy hond, such as porcelain and hard china. Weather-resistant molded plastic compositions are also suitable for making the locking buttons; phenol-aldehyde, urea-aldehyde and melamine resins are thermcsetting types that may be used. Cellulose nitrate (cellu1oid) and cellulose acetate are suitable thermoplastic resin materials for fabricating th'e buttons. vHard vulcanized rubber may also be used where its black color is not objectionable. The buttons may also be made from so called cold molded asphalt compositions which are subsequently hardened by baking or heat curing; they do not, however, have as great strength as glass or hard porceflain. Where other materials are not available the buttons may even be made from a durable hard wood, such as maple, but wood is not a preferred material for this purpose.

Having described th'e invention in connection with certain preferred embodiments,

We claim:

1. A weather surface covering comprising weather surfacing elements in overlapping courses having an aperture formed in a portion of an element which is not exposed to the weather, an aperture in a portion of an element which is exposed to the weather, and a button with preformed spaced apart heads on an intermediate neck .projecting through the apertures with the heads engaging lopposite races of adjacent lapped weather elements, said neck portion of the button being substantially of lesswidth than the apertures to allow relative movement between said elements.

2. A weather surface covering comprising weather surfacing elements in overlapping courses having an aperture formed in a portion of an element which is not exposed to the weather, an aperture in a portion of an element which is exposed to the weather, said latter aperture having a narrower pm extending from a wider part,

and a button with preformed spaced apart heads on an intermediate neck and projecting through the apertures and with the heads engaging opposite faces of lapped weather elements, one head of the button being over the narrowed portion of the aperture.

3. .A weather surface covering comprising weather surfacing elements in overlapping courses having an aperture :formed in a portion o! an element which is not exposed to the weather, an aperture in a portion of an element which is exposed to the weather, a button having a preformed base portion larger than rst mentioned aperture which is A secured between the shingle and the surface to be covered when the shingle is nailed in place, a spaced apart head on the button opposite the base and projecting through the rst mentioned aperture and also through the second mentioned aperture of a corresponding element, and portions adjacent the second mentioned aperture for overhanging the head of the button.

4. A weather surfacing element comprising a body portion having an aperture formed in a portion of the element which is not to be exposed to the weather and an aperture in a portion of the element which is to be exposed to the weather, said latter aperture having an enlarged portion for receiving the head of a fasi-.erung device and smaller portions for engaging with the fastening device after same has been received.

5. A weather surfacing element comprising a body portion having an aperture formed in a portion of the element which is not to be exposed to the weather and an elongated recess in a portion of the element which is to be exposed to the weather, said elongated recess being sumcently enlarged lfor permitting relative movement with a fastening device adapted to be inserted therein.

6. A weather surface covering comprising weather surfacing elements in overlapping courses having an aperture in a portion of the element which is exposed to the weather and an elongated recess in a portion of the element which is not exposed to the weather. and a button with prcformedheads on a shank portion projecting through the aperture of an underlying element and the recess of an overlying element, and having the heads of greater cross section and the shank portion of less cross section than the aper- REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number -Name Date 1,589,719 Ritter June 22, 1926 1,637,522 Graham Aug. 2, 1927 2,351,993 Miles June 20, 1944 1,134,847 Hare Apr. 6, 1915 509,802 Gunn Nov. 28, 1893 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 4229,264 Great Britain 1925 40,063 Austria 1909 

